![]() The past participle is used as an adjective when describing past events, similarly to English. Past participle forms Infinitive verb PP English translation atendido, atento* atender attentive bendecido, bendito* bendecir blessed confundido, confuso* confundir confused convencido, convicto* convencer convinced corrompido, corrupto* corromper spoiled, corrupted descrito, descripto** describir described despertado, despierto* despertar awakened dividido dividir divided, split elegido, electo*** elegir elected freído, frito*** freír fried imprimido, impreso*** imprimir printed maldecido, maldito* maldecir to curse poseído, poseso* poseer possessed, owned prendido, preso prender fastened prescrito, prescripto prescribir prescribed presumido, presunto* presumir presumed proveído, provisto*** proveer provided soltado, suelto soltar released suspendido, suspenso* suspender hung, suspended Past Participle as an Adjective Those that are interchangeable are noted with ***. In some cases, one is used as the adjective version (noted with a * ) and the other is used to combine with haber in compound forms. These may vary depending on the regional Spanish customs, such as descripto** being used in Uruguay and Argentina. Some verbs have two versions of their past participle. ![]() Irregulars ending in -to: Infinitive verb Past participle PP English translation escribir escrito written romper roto broken volver vuelto turned morir muerto dead abrir abierto opened absolver absuelto absolved cubrir cubierto covered freír frito fried poner puesto put resolver resuelto resolved ver visto seen Irregulars ending in -cho: Infinitive verb Past participle PP English translation hacer hecho did/made decir dicho said satisfacer satisfecho satisfied Verbs with Multiple Past Participle Forms These irregular verbs need to be memorized. Unfortunately, not all verbs follow the pattern above. When the past participle is combined with haber, it doesn’t need to change its form to show gender/number at all. To form the past participle of the verb, simply drop the -ar, -ir, or -er ending, and add the appropriate ending: -AR verbs -IR/-ER verbs -ado -ido ex: olvidar = olvidado ex: partir = partido These two pieces of information are instead expressed by the auxiliary verb haber that comes before the past participle in perfect tenses in the indicative mood, such as future perfect indicative, conditional perfect indicative, present perfect and past perfect indicative.Īuxiliary verb in present (when), nosotros (who): hemosĪuxiliary verb in present (when), tú (who): has Though the past participle starts from the infinitive of a verb, it isn’t like other verb tenses or moods, which change to show when the action took place and who was responsible for it. The past participle is also used in passive forms after “is” or “was.” A passive sentence talks about an action without specifying who did it. The well- built house will survive the storm. Una casa bien construida sobrevivirá a la tormenta. Just like English, Spanish uses the past participle as both an adjective and in compound forms with “have.” Irregular English past participles that end in “-en” (given, broken, seen, broken, driven) are easier to spot. ![]() Usually, past tense verbs in English end in “-ed,” but many are irregular (such as “to run” above). In English, the past tense form of a verb is often used as the past participle, which makes it a little more tricky to recognize when the verb is simply in past tense and when it’s being used as a past participle. Present participle: corriendo (“running”) The past participle (called the “ participio”) is very commonly used as an adjective or in conjunction with the auxiliary (“helping”) verb haber, when forming past tense forms. The equivalent of the present participle in Spanish (called a “gerund” or “ gerundio”) usually ends with either -ando or -iendo in Spanish and -ing in English. ![]() Participles are used in several different ways in Spanish, including as an adjective, noun, and in conjunction with other verbs. Present and past participles are a form of a verb that doesn’t change to show tense (when something occurred). Don’t be intimidated by the mouthful of grammatical terms! The past participle is crucial for using compound tenses in Spanish, but luckily it is very easy to master.
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